Mastering Sealed Classes and Interfaces in Java 25
With the release of Java 25, developers now have more control over inheritance hierarchies through the use of sealed interfaces and sealed classes. This feature is a big step in strengthening object-oriented programming in Java.
🔍 What are Sealed Interfaces and Classes?
Sealed types in Java allow developers to specify which classes or interfaces are allowed to extend or implement a given type. This enables controlled extension, useful in domain modeling, security, and compiler optimizations.
📌 Java 25 Code Example: Modeling a Cat Hierarchy
1. Sealed Interface: SIAnimal
This sealed interface can only be implemented by the SCat
class.
2. Sealed Abstract Class: SCat
The abstract class SCat
can only be extended by the listed subclasses: Lion
, Tiger
, BobCat
, and Leapord
.
3. Final Class: Lion
4. Main Class execusion: Main (you can name anything)
Download Source Code
This class provides a concrete implementation of the behaviors defined in the interface and base class.
✅ Benefits of Using Sealed Types
- Encapsulation: Restrict which classes can be part of a hierarchy
- Exhaustive Checks: Enables switch expressions to be more reliable
- Security: Prevents unexpected subclassing
- Clarity: Easy to track the class hierarchy
📚 Best Use Cases
- Domain-driven design with strict modeling (e.g., animals, vehicles, roles)
- Security-sensitive frameworks
- Compilers and interpreter engines
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Thanks in anticipation.